cit. Kehinde Adekunle Adetiloye and Moses Metumara Duruji, Military Resurgence in African Politics and the Drive for Foreign Direct Investment, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs (CUJPIA) Vol. , Political Order in Changing Societies, 13th edn, London: Yale University Press, 1977. (2005). 11 November 2008. Although the coups in Egypt and Thailand, in 2013 and 2014, respectively, were a reminder that the military can still play a political role, it was the recent failed coup at-tempt in Turkey which drove this point home. Page 121 note 3 Price, , World Politics, pp. 2008. cit. p. 403. Hill, K. Q. Brighton, Sussex: Institute of Development Issues, 2001. Francis, David J. Jacopo Costa, Raul Caruso, and Roberto Ricciuti, The Probability of Military Rule in Africa, 19702007, Working Paper Series Department of Economics University of Verona, WP Number:17, 2012. Department of Political Science, University of North Carolina, Greenboro, Contentious Politics and Political Violence, Political Values, Beliefs, and Ideologies, The Second Wave: Aggregate Statistical Approaches, The First Wave Returns: Crucial Case Studies, Conclusions and Implications for Future Research, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1868. American Political Science Review 72 (4): 12621275. 2001. Page 109 note 2 Huntington, loc. Issues of National Security , Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1996, p. 6. The recent resurgence of military coups in parts of Africa has revamped global scholarly attention on the causes of military intervention in politics and the consequences of military rule on the African continent. McGowan, Patrick J. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 2(3), 230244. In The Palgrave Handbook of African Political Economy (pp. Bennett, V. P. (1973). Daron Acemoglu, Davide Ticchi, and Andrea Vindigni, A Theory of Military Dictatorships, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics Vol. 1967. Although military rule, in general, is seen as a bane to Africas democratic and economic development (Hyden, 2012; Oquaye, 1980), scholars are divided on whether there is a value for military regimes to Africas peace, stability, and development (McKinlay & Cohan, 1975; Nordlinger, 1970). The American Journal of Sociology 79 (4): 871887. There are only a few instances of emerging liberal democratic governments. Wiseman, J. Simple and complex typologies of civil-military relations and of military coups have been constructed; statistical data - both hard and soft - has been marshalled and subjected to factor and regression analysis, in order to validate general or middle-range theories of military intervention. Nordlinger also adds: In oligarchical societies the soldier is a radical, in societies dominated by the middle class the officers act as arbitrators among middle class groups; and when mass political participation is in sight, the soldier protects the existing order. This conclusion is similar to Huntington's in his Political Order in Changing Societies, pp. Agyeman-Duah, B. Military interventions in Africa - an overview - Anadolu Ajans Ake, Claude. "useRatesEcommerce": true The third and current wave of scholarship takes advantage of the development of statistical software for limited dependent variablesthen unavailable, now commonplaceto recast the quantitative research on coups. Robin Luckham, The Peace Review 9 (3): 371378. 17993.Google Scholar. Military Coup D'tats in Africa: A Survey | SpringerLink Movements that attempt to overthrow an entire government and which are led by those not connected to power, such as rebellions or mass protests, are not included. Bayo J. Adekanye, Military Organization in Most Ethnically Segmented Societies: A Comparative Study, Ibadan: Ababa Press Limited, 2008. British Journal of Political Science, 11(3), 287308. The Faltering Prospect of Crafting Stable Civil-Military Relations in Africas Emerging Democracies. In the past several years there has been a proliferation of studies on coup d'tats in Africa and the political role of African military structures. Universitat de Valncia provides funding as a member of The Conversation ES. ), Politics and Change in Developing Countries, Elections and Coups in Sierra Leone, 1967, Central African Republic: a failure in de-colonization, The Uganda Coup class action by the military, Creating Political Order: the party-states of West Africa, Conflicting Images of the Military in Africa, The Role of the Military in Underdeveloped Countries, Modernization and the Structure of Societies, Praetorianism in Commonwealth West Africa, in, Military Coups and Political Development, in, A Theoretical Approach to Military Rule in New States: referencegroup theory and the Ghanaian case, Patrimonialism and Political Change in the Congo. Coups were most prevalent in 1966, when seven took place. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Impact of Military Coups d'etat on West Africa's Socio-Economic and Political Development 5a. Springer, Cham. The latest Afrobarometer data shows that support for democracy has fallen in the last year. Hosted by the Stellenbosch University Library and Information Service, Copyright 2023 Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies. 429 -32 suggests)Google Scholar be intent on increasing their own share of the spoils, or as Decalo suggests in Coups and Army Rule in Africa: Studies in Military Style, p. 21 Google Scholar, be seeking vain personal glory. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31427-8_2, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-31427-8_2, eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0). Africa's coup contagion: Factors driving an upsurge in military 36179.Google Scholar. ISSN-2309-9682 (Print) / eISSN-2224-0020 (Online), Creative Commons License - CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Operation Guitar Boy, the attempted counter-coup in Ghana, was an example of this kind of unrest. On the night of 13 January 1963, Togo's President Sylvanus Olympio was shot dead by rebels in the first military coup staged in Africa. State institutions are not able to tackle their expansion throughout the region. 2006. These studies revealed, among other things, that coups proliferated in places with a history of instability. Barka, Habiba Ben, and Mthuli Ncube. 1134 and 1144. 1977. Despite modest democratic achievements, a more accurate picture of democracy in West Africa is that it is superficial. In Liberal Democracy and Its Critics in Africa: Political Dysfunction and the Struggle for Social Progress, ed. Military and Politics: Understanding the Theoretical Underpinning of Military Incursion in Third World Politics, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, Rome: MCSER Publishing. This journal is hosted by the SU LIS on request of the journal owner/editor. Page 116 note 2 For several examples of this, see Decalo, Journal of Developing Areas, 1973; and E. Philip Morgan, Military Intervention in Politics: the case of Uganda, African Studies Association, Denver, 1971. , The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations, Boston, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1957. cit. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. 1979. Page 108 note 4 Huntington, Samuel P., Political Development and Political Decay, in World Politics (Princeton), 04 1965, p. 417.Google Scholar See also O'Connell, James, The Inevitability of Instability, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, v, 2, 09 1967, pp. As one of us argued in a recent article, for this to be a return of coups, democracy in Africa must have made a forward move enough to prevent or reduce coups. Habiba Ben Barka, and Mthuli Ncube, Political Fragility in Africa: Are Military Coups dEtat a Never-Ending Phenomenon? Japhet, M. (2012). As late as 1961 the African image had not been tarnished to any great extent by the incidence of military coups. Review of African Political Economy, 40(137), 358374. 2015. Son Gncelleme Tarihi. James S. Coleman and Belmont Brice Jr., The Role of the Military in sub-Saharan Africa. In John J. Johnson (ed. This can be seen to be largely motivated by the insecurity many civilian governments in Africa were experiencing and was to some considerable extent intended to be an object lesson to aspiring military commanders. Mlambo, Daniel N. 2012. Why have civilians welcomed the recent coups in West Africa? The post-coup military spending question: A pooled cross-sectional time series analysis. without adequate separation between very different examples of civilmilitary relations. Page 107 note 1 This problem can be partly surmounted, of course, in several ways. Inward are those that emanate from challenges of national governance. Page 116 note 4 Claude E. Welch has recently analysed the coups in Ghana, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone in terms of the emergence of an anglophone praetorian syndrome; see his Praetorianism in Commonwealth West Africa, in The Journal of Modern African Studies x, 2, 07 1972.Google Scholar, Page 117 note 1 Feit, Edward, The Rule of the Iron Surgeons: military government in Spain and Ghana, in Comparative Politics, 07 1969, pp. Commentary on the instability in . Understanding contemporary Africa. (1979). There have been three waves of scholarship on military coups dtat (or simply coups)the unconstitutional replacement of chief executives by military officerssince the 1960s. The first used case studies to explore why the military overthrows governments. Coup-Friendly Institutions and Apolitical Militaries: A Theory of Optional Military Influence, A Paper Prepared for EPSA, Dublin. Lynne Rienner Publishers. Intense debate has focused around the overt and covert reasons for their intervention in the political arena. Digibooks Ghana Limited. Social Dynamics: A Journal of African Studies, 40 (2): 322337. Once frequent and widespread in the global South, since the mid-I98os successful military coups d'itat have become relatively rare in Latin America and the Caribbean, the Middle East and North Africa, and Asia; whereas between 1985 and 2001 SSA experienced 21 successful Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout. The recent resurgence of military coups in parts of Africa has revamped global scholarly attention on the causes of military intervention in politics and the consequences of military rule on the African continent. Sources: Powell and Thyne; Cline Center University of Illinois; VOA research; 1950 - Jan. 25, 2022. Ibadan: Ababa Press Limited. Page 108 note 3 Cf. Second, political legacy effects mean that the probability of a coup declines with time since the last military uprising. Gordon, A. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. The cases of Guinea and Mali are illustrative of this broader trend. Elections and democratic development in Ghana: A critical analysis. Powell and Thynes research shows that coup attempts in the past decade have had a far higher success rate than those of previous decades. Higgott, R., & Fuglestad, F. (1975). It is headed by the rulers of Nigeria, who are allied with Washington.