[106] In these gatherings the story of Karbala is narrated and various elegies (rawda) are recited by professional reciters (rawda khwan). Most of the people who had joined him on the way left, while his companions from Mecca decided to stay with him.[2]. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [16][17] In 676, Mu'awiya nominated his son Yazid as successor,[18] a move labelled by the historian Wilferd Madelung as breach of the HasanMuawiya treaty. They were not at all convinced. 71 Windsor St, Salisbury, SP2 7EA, UK. Hadhrat Imam Hussain (ra) was the blessed grandson of the Holy Prophet (saw).On 4 th Hijri (four years after the Prophet (saw) 's migration from Makkah to Madinah) he was born to the daughter of the Holy Prophet (saw), Hadhrat Fatimah (ra), and her husband Hadhrat Ali (ra).The child was named Hussain (ra).. 'Hassan' means beauty in Arabic, hence . [44], Since Umayyad forces could approach Husayn's army from the front only, Ibn Sa'd ordered the tents to be burned. Omissions? Upon hearing the response of the people of Madina, Muslim bin Uqbah attacked Madina with his army and martyred many people. Not many people what happened to Yazid after the battle of Karbala was over and after his troops defeated Hussain (RA)s entourage, which consists of only loyal relatives and companions of Hussain (RA). Can Muslims Get It? [53][54] One of his courtiers asked for the hand of a captive woman from Husayn's family in marriage, which resulted in heated altercation between Yazid and Zaynab. Sunni tradition has it that she was buried in Cairo. [50] After his departure, members of the Banu Asad tribe, from the nearby village of Ghadiriya, buried the headless bodies of Husayn's companions. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. [20] He then ordered Marwan ibn al-Hakam, then the governor of Medina, where Husayn and several other influential Muslims resided, to announce the decision. Nevertheless, four manuscripts of a Maqtal located at Gotha (No. Ibn al-Zubayr called for aShurato elect a new caliph. Many people fled and others hid in their houses. [85], Wellhausen has described Husayn's revolt as a premature and ill-prepared campaign by an ambitious person. Since i only know a little about this i was hoping for you,. Yazids sudden death in November 683 pushes his troops to end the blockade. [77], Although Tabari and other early sources contain some miraculous stories,[73] these sources are mainly historical and rational in nature,[78] in contrast to the literature of later periods, which is mainly hagiographical in nature. [30][32] He took the northerly route through the Arabian Desert. [59] Mukhtar al-Thaqafi, another prominent pro-Alid of Kufa, attempted to dissuade the Tawwabin from this endeavor in favor of an organized movement to take control of the city, but Ibn Surad's stature as a companion of Muhammad and an old ally of Ali, prevented most of his followers from accepting Mukhtar's proposal. After negotiations with Husayn, Ibn Sa'd wrote to Ibn Ziyad that Husayn was willing to return. South Indian rulers of Bijapur (Ali Adil Shah), and Golkonda Sultanate (Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah) were patrons of poetry and encouraged Urdu marthiya recitation in Muharram. Ali alSajjad was twentythree years old. The people of Kufa, an Iraqi garrison town and the center of Ali's caliphate, were averse to the Syria-based Umayyad caliphs and had a long-standing attachment to the house of Ali. The critical role of Zainab, the sister of Hussain, after the battle of This article will explain the detail of what happened to Yazid after the Battle of Kerbala. The Shi'a sources assert that the army was 30,000 strong. The infamous Shimar, murderer of Hussain, tried to escape but he was caught and butchered. Some of Muhammad's companions including Talha ibn Ubayd Allah, Zubayr ibn al-Awwam and Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan (then governor of Syria), and Muhammad's widow A'isha, refused to recognize Ali. This battle is commonly known as the Battle of Harra. O Muhammad! Arif Bharakda 1st August 2023 Advertise on TMV The tragedy of Karbala is a dark day in Islamic history. [5] On persuasion of Husayn's cousin Abd Allah ibn Ja'far, the governor of Mecca Amr ibn Sa'id sent his brother and Ibn Ja'far after Husayn in order to assure him safety in Mecca and bring him back. They called for revenge against Uthman's killers and the election of a new caliph through shura (consultation). The party sent by Yazid was defeated, and Amr was captured and executed. The incident happened after communication with the spacecraft was interrupted, a blow to Russia's space ambitions. Life and Significance in Shiism", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Karbala&oldid=1170697301, Many of Husayn's family members taken prisoner, This page was last edited on 16 August 2023, at 16:52. What follows is a very brief glimpse of some events that took place after the Battle of Karbala: After the martyrdom of Imam Husain (a.s), his tents and that of his womenfolk and companions were ransacked. [146] Martyrdom spirit influenced by the death of Husayn was frequently witnessed in Iranian troops during the IranIraq war. He was, however, not seeking martyrdom and wanted to return when his expected support did not materialize. Husayn sent Abbas to ask Ibn Sa'd to wait until the next morning, so that they could consider the matter. Zaid bin al-Arqam, a companion of our Prophet (sawa) was present at the governors house and objected to this terrible display. [39] Husayn told his men that they were all free to leave, with his family, under the cover of night, since their opponents only wanted him. Dalip Frashri's Kopshti i te Mirevet is the earliest, and longest epic so far, written in the Albanian language; the Battle of Karbala is described in detail and Frashri eulogizes those who fell as martyrs, in particular Husayn. When the people of Madina received the message they replied that they were prepared to go to war. [38] Ibn Ziyad then sent Shemr with orders to ask Husayn for his allegiance once more and to attack, kill and disfigure him if he was to refuse, as "a rebel, a seditious person, a brigand, an oppressor and he was to do no further harm after his death". [73] Tabari quotes either directly from Abu Mikhnaf or from his student Ibn al-Kalbi, who took most of his material from Abu Mikhnaf. [67] Mukhtar's supporters survived the collapse of his revolution and evolved into a sect known as the Kaysanites. Ramzan Sabir Highlights of Karbala, History of Mu'awiyah and Yazid, events of 'Ashura, and lessons from Karbala. Husayn's son Ali Akbar was killed; then Husayn's half-brothers, including Abbas,[45] and the sons of Aqil ibn Abi Talib, Jafar ibn Abi Talib and Hasan ibn Ali were slain. The resistance of the people of Medina against Yazids government was also motivated by their disappointment with the performance of the Umayyad rule, especially the agricultural project that confiscated their land. He died on 11 November 683, which is the same year, when he attacked the Kaaba and burned its Kiswa (black cloth). [3] Ibn Sa'd stationed 500 horsemen on the route leading to the river. The tragic event of Karbala, in which members of the Holy Prophet Muhammad's (sawa) family along with their noble companions were massacred, will always be remembered by many sincere and truth-seeking believers. THE AFTERMATH OF KARBALA - Ahlul Bait Foundation of South Africa He ordered his men to take all the possessions of the people of Madina. Every tyrannical regime tries their very best to control the narrative of events. They raped over a 1000 women. [140][141] Condemning the Iranian monarchy, Khomeini wrote: "The struggle of al-Husayn at Karbal is interpreted in the same way as a struggle against the non-Islamic principle of monarchy. Ibn Ziyad ordered that the heads of Imam Husain (a.s) and some of those who were martyred should be placed on top of long spears and taken around the streets of Kufa so everybody could see what had happened to the people who turned against the government. What Really Happened in Karbala? | About Islam [157][158] Other accounts claim that when Husayn died, his horse shed tears and killed many Umayyad soldiers;[159] the sky became red and it rained blood; angels, jinns and wild animals wept; that light emanated from Husayn's severed head and that it recited the Qur'an; and that all of his killers met calamitous end. Imam Husains (a.s) head, which was still on a spear, and all the other heads which were on platters were brought before Yazid. Humaid bin Muslim stopped him and said Are you trying to kill little children as well? When he heard this he stopped himself from killing Ali. His dead body was torn to pieces by hungry dogs. The Hashimiyya, a splinter group of the Kaysanites, was later taken over by the Abbasids and eventually overthrew the Umayyads in 750. As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmission, usually only one or two intermediaries. Here is Husayn in the open, stained with blood and with limbs torn off. Upon Mu'awiya's death in 680, Yazid demanded allegiance from Husayn and other dissidents. Prior to his death, the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiya I (r.661680) had nominated his son Yazid as his successor. He asked the Syrians, Who are you fighting for? Ibn Ziyad replied that Husayn must surrender or he should be subdued by force,[37] and that to compel him, he and his companions should be denied access to the Euphrates river. [30], Husayn had considerable support in Kufa, which had been the caliphal capital during the reigns of his father and brother. Tonight is the night of Shaam Al-Ghariba. It's a story not all Muslims are aware of. [40] Husayn's companions, according to most accounts, numbered thirty-two horsemen and forty infantrymen; although forty-five horsemen and one hundred foot-soldiers, or a total of a few hundred men have been reported by some sources. His control extended to most of Iraq and parts of northwestern Iran. He looked much younger in appearance than he actually was. [64] He then sent his general Ibrahim ibn al-Ashtar to fight an approaching Umayyad army, led by Ibn Ziyad, which had been sent to reconquer the province. [88] Fred Donner, G. R. Hawting, and Hugh N. Kennedy see Husayn's revolt as an attempt to regain what his brother Hasan had renounced. Following the death of Husayn ibn Ali, a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at the hands of the Umayyad army in the Battle of Karbala in 680, he allied with the rival caliph Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr in Mecca, but the alliance was short-lived. [116][117] In India however, taziya refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn's tomb carried in processions. What Happened to Yazid After The Battle of Karbala? [120][121] According to Yitzhak Nakash, the rituals of Muharram have an "important" effect in the "invoking the memory of Karbala", as these help consolidate the collective identity and memory of the Shi'a community. Information on the battle found in the works of Dinawari and Ya'qubi is also based on Abu Mikhnaf's Maqtal,[32] although they occasionally provide some extra notes and verses. Highlights of Karbala The events of Karbala reflect the collision of the good versus the evil, the virtuous versus the wicked, and the collision of Imam Husayn (the head of virtue) versus Yazid (the head of impiety). The Shiah maintain that she was buried in Damascus, and her supposed tomb is an important site of pilgrimage for the Shiah. Husayn's cavalry resisted fiercely and Ibn Sa'd brought in armoured cavalry and five hundred archers. [63] His attitude towards mawali, whom he awarded many favors and equal status with Arabs, provoked a rebellion by the dissatisfied Arab aristocracy. Husayn and his companions remained without water for three days before a group of fifty men led by his half-brother Abbas was able to access the river. [171] Sindhi Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai devoted a section in his Shah Jo Risalo to the death of Husayn, in which the incident is remembered in laments and elegies. A history by the Syriac Christian scholar Theophilus of Edessa, who was chief astrologer in the Abbasid court between 775 and 785, is partially preserved in a number of extant Christian chronicles, including those by Michael the Syrian and the Byzantine historian Theophanes the Confessor. [61] He had participated in the failed rebellion of Muslim ibn Aqil, for which he was imprisoned by Ibn Ziyad, before being released after the intervention of Abd Allah ibn Umar. Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. After Karbla' | Karbala and Ashura | Al-Islam.org "I'll be Your company, forever and now. [91] A similar view is held by Mahmoud Ayoub. The history of Karbala reminds us of the martyrdom of the Prophet's grandson Hussain ibn Ali (RA), and his family members and companions. The Journey of Imam Husain ('a) Leaving Medina | Remembering Karbala PDF What happened after Karbala Muslim bin Uqbah forced everyone to pledge allegiance to Yazid. Battle of Karbala: History, Martyrs, and Death of Yazid. "Let us go my Brother to our Mother's grave. Ibn Aqil attracted widespread support and informed Husayn of the situation, suggesting that he join them there. [23][20] Nonetheless, Mu'awiya convinced the people of Mecca that the four had pledged their allegiance, and received allegiance from them for Yazid. [116][118], Most of these rituals take place during the first ten days of Muharram, reaching a climax on the tenth day, although majalis can also occur throughout the year. Ali I. A group of the companions of the Holy Prophet (sawa) were also martyred. The Umayyad army was routed at the Battle of Khazir in August 686 and Ibn Ziyad was slain. [49] Other secondary sources include al-Mas'udi's Muruj al-Dhahab, Ibn Ath'am's Kitab al-Futuh, Shaykh al-Mufid's Kitab al-Irshad, and Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani's Maqatil al-Talibiyyin. Marwan told Walid to imprison or behead him, but due to Husayn's kinship with Muhammad, Walid was unwilling to take any action against him. That battle of Karbala, in the 7th Century, in which Hussein was killed, is often cited as the moment Shia and Sunni Muslims were cleaved apart. The first historically recorded visit is Sulayman ibn Surad and the Penitents going to Husayn's grave before their departure to Syria. [111] The processions start from a husayniyya and the participants parade barefoot through the streets, wailing and beating their chests and heads before returning to the husayniyya for a majlis. Bibi Sakina ran away into the battlefield, while Yazid's army started burning the tents. They are reported to have lamented and beaten their chests and to have spent a night by the tomb. May Allah Taala deal with them in the manner they deserve. [46][42] There are reports of more than sixty wounds on Husayn's body,[42] which was then trampled with horses as previously instructed by Ibn Ziyad. "[161] Various Persian authors wrote texts retelling romanticized and synthesized versions of the battle and events from it,[121][163] including Sa'id al-Din's Rawdat al-Islam (The Garden of Islam) and Al-Khawarazmi's Maqtal nur 'al-'a'emmah (The Site of the Murder of the Light of the Imams). [111] After taking over Iran in 1501, Safavids, who were previously a Sufi order, declared the state religion to be Twelver Shi'ism. He makes the greatest demands and does not do the slightest; the others should do everything As soon as he encounters resistance, it is over with him; he wants to go back when it is too late. The revolt of Abdullah Ibn al-Zubayr [101] He is thus remembered as the prince of martyrs (Sayyed al-Shuhada). Yazids army then besieged Makkah for weeks, and during the siege, the cloth covering the Kaabah caught fire. Majlis 12: Shaam al-Ghariba | Tears For Karbala | Al-Islam.org Hand-to-hand fighting paused and further volleys of arrows were exchanged. If anyone declined he had them killed. Karbala - Wikipedia After The Battle Of Karbala, What Happened To Yazid? The Battle of Karbala - Full Story - Quran Classes Initially, he was unwilling to fight Husayn, but complied following Ibn Ziyad's threat to revoke his governorship. Battle of Karbala - Wikipedia He asked to be allowed to leave. For three days there was no call for prayers and congregational prayers were not held inside the masjid. [31] While in Mecca, Husayn received letters from pro-Alids in Kufa informing him that they were tired of the Umayyad rule, which they considered to be oppressive, and that they had no rightful leader. [104], Mourning for Husayn is considered by Shi'as to be a source of salvation in the afterlife,[107] and is undertaken as a remembrance of his suffering. This article will explain the detail of what happened to Yazid after the Battle of Kerbala. Updates? Translated from Urdu by Amer Safir. [94], The killing of the grandson of Muhammad shocked the Muslim community. The main concept of this blog is taken from 'Al Bidayah wan-Nihayah' written by Imam ibn Kathir (R). [40] The account of Abbas' death is not given in the primary sources, al-Tabari and Baladhuri, but a prominent Shi'a theologian Shaykh Al-Mufid states in his account in Kitab al-Irshad that Abbas went to the river together with Husayn but became separated, was surrounded, and killed. In this article, I will provide a brief overview of what happened on the day of Ashura and then go into a discussion where I debunk some of the common misconceptions people have about the Karbala narrative. In October 685, Mukhtar and his supporters, a significant of number of whom consisted of local converts (mawali), overthrew Ibn al-Zubayr's governor and seized Kufa. They tied their horses in Masjid-al-Nabawi and allowed them to urinate and defecate inside it. [7][89][8], Vaglieri, on the other hand, considers him to be motivated by ideology, saying that if the materials that have come down to us are authentic, they convey an image of person who is "convinced that he was in the right, stubbornly determined to achieve his ends"[90] Holding a similar view, Madelung has argued that Husayn was not a "reckless rebel" but a religious man motivated by pious convictions. #what_happened_after_karbala #shorts While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [135][136] According to these, Shi'ism was an ideology of revolution and political struggle against tyranny and exploitation,[137] and the Battle of Karbala and the death of Husayn was to be seen as a model for revolutionary struggle;[138] weeping and mourning was to be replaced by political activism to realize the ideals of Husayn. [49] There were eighty-eight dead in Ibn Sa'd's army, who were buried before he left. Shemr wanted to burn that one too, but was prevented by his companions. [149] Urdu poet Ghalib compares Husayn's suffering with that of Mansur al-Hallaj, a tenth century Sufi, who was executed on a charge of claiming divinity. Battle of Karbala, (October 10, 680 [10th of Muarram, ah 61]), brief military engagement in which a small party led by al-usayn ibn Al, grandson of the Prophet Muhammad and son of Al, the fourth caliph, was defeated and massacred by an army sent by the Umayyad caliph Yazd I. [32] Husayn had also sent a messenger to Basra, another garrison town in Iraq, but the messenger could not attract any following and was quickly apprehended and executed. [46][48], Seventy or seventy-two people died on Husayn's side, of whom about twenty were descendants of Abu Talib, the father of Ali. She believes in the power of words and hopes that her articles will positively impact all of her readers. In November 684, the Tawwabin left to confront the Umayyads, after mourning for a day at Husayn's grave in Karbala. Can Muslims Do It? "[86] Lammens has agreed to this view and he sees in Husayn a person who disturbs public peace. Shia and Sunni Muslims agree on this. [168], In Sufism, where annihilation of the self (nafs) and suffering in the path of God are paramount principles, Husayn is seen as a model Sufi. Karbala - History of Islam Abandoning my tomb with You I will go". The blow cut through his hooded cloak, which Husayn removed while cursing his attacker. After Jum'a prayers, Yazd called a meeting to allay the fears of the people of Damascus about what really happened. One of Husayn's companions suggested that they attack Hurr and move to the fortified village of al-Aqr. He writes "He reaches out to the moon like a child. The Battle of Karbala (Arabic: ) was fought on 10 October 680 (10 Muharram in the year 61 AH of the Islamic calendar) between the army of the second Umayyad caliph Yazid I (r.680683) and a small army led by Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, at Karbala, Sawad (modern-day southern Iraq). On this day, Shi'a Muslims mourn, hold public processions, organize religious gathering, beat their chests and in some cases self-flagellate. What Happened to Those That Murdered Hussain at Karbala? When Shimar saw him he said, Kill him also.. Captives of Karbal (Arabic: ) are the members of Ahl al-Bayt (a) and the families of some of the martyrs of Karbala who were captured by the Kufaian army led by Umar b. Sa'd during the Event of Karbala and after the martyrdom of Imam al-Husayn (a).They were taken to Kufa and then to Damascus.There are disagreements about the exact number of the captives. This event which is commemorated annually in the first 10 days of Muharram by Muslims globally is also unfortunately pushed aside by many Muslims in favour of upholding a tradition that is in contrast with the memory of this tragedy. [173] Turkish Sufi Yunus Emre labels Husayn, along with his brother Hasan, as the "fountain head of the martyrs" and "Kings of the Paradise" in his songs. The History of Karbala Imam Hussain refused because Yazid was a disgrace. As a result of Ibn Ziyad's suppression and political maneuvering, Ibn Aqil's following began to dissipate and he was forced to declare the revolt prematurely. The bodies of the dead, including that of usayn, were then mutilated, only adding to the consternation of later generations of the Shiah. For the Shi'a, Husayn's suffering and death became a symbol of sacrifice in the struggle for right against wrong, and for justice and truth against injustice and falsehood. Masha Allah May Allah grand you Jannah (paradise) as final abode. He then sent a messenger to inform the people of Madina that if within three days they had not agreed to the terms of the Yazid, he would prepare to go to war with them, and he would take all their possessions. Shemr wanted to kill Husayn's only surviving son Ali Zayn al-Abidin, who had not taken part in the fighting because of illness, but was prevented by Ibn Sa'd. Husayn at this point is reported to have considered turning back, but was persuaded to push forward by Ibn Aqil's brothers, who wanted to avenge his death;[2][30] according to Madelung and I. K. A. Howard, these reports are doubtful. The Iraqi Division was targeted as it was the best equipped Iraqi unit, and its destruction would negatively affect Iraqi . Defense arrangements were made: tents were brought together and tied to one another and a ditch was dug behind the tents and filled with wood ready to be set alight in case of attack. The fighting was still continuing in the month of Rabi-ul- Awwal when the news came that Yazid had died. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. [139], After the White Revolution reforms of the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which were opposed by the Iranian clergy and others, Ruhollah Khomeini labelled the Shah as the Yazid of his time. Nonetheless, a religious sect with distinct theological doctrines and specific set of rituals had not developed. Shemr, who commanded the left wing of the Umayyad army, launched an attack, but after losses on both sides he was repulsed. The people of Medina were defeated in this battle. What Really Happened in Karbala? [71] Although as an Iraqi, Abu Mikhnaf had pro-Alid tendencies, his reports generally do not contain much bias on his part. Karbala: The Story of the Individuals of Prophet Muhammed's Family Your King has died. They did not believe him but when they eventually found out that he had died, they left Makkah and went back to Syria, and so the war ended. The women begged for the army to let them see the dead bodies on their way. [3] Ibn Sa'd sent the proposal, whatever it was, to Ibn Ziyad, who is reported to have accepted but then persuaded otherwise by Shemr ibn Ziljawshan. [49] Baladhuri uses same sources as Tabari. After noon prayers, Husayn's companions were encircled, and almost all of them were killed. [106] The soil of Karbala is considered to have miraculous healing effects. [21][22] Mu'awiya went to Medina and pressed the four dissenters to accede. Similarly, people from cities surrounding Makkah also came to help them. The tragic event of Karbala, in which members of the Holy Prophet Muhammads (sawa) family along with their noble companions were massacred, will always be remembered by many sincere and truth-seeking believers. But Friday prayers in the Imam Hussein mosque . [172] He too sees Husayn's death as a sacrifice made in the path of God, and condemns Yazid as being bereft of divine love. [10][11][12][c] After the death of Hasan in 670, his younger brother Husayn became the head of the Banu Hashim clan to which the Islamic prophet Muhammad also belonged. [7][8][98] Karbala gave this early political party of pro-Alids a distinct religious identity and helped transform it into a distinct religious sect. The armies met in January 685 at the three-day Battle of Ayn al-Warda in present-day northern Syria; most of the Tawwabin, including Ibn Surad, were killed. Abdullah bin Zubair was the first to find out. What happened after Karbala | 11th Muharram | Syed Sultan Shah Sa'abSpeech by: Syed Sultan Shah Sa'abDate: 19/08/2021Keep up with Gulaman-e-Ahlebait Leiceste.
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