1. From this flagship festival came the International Istanbul Film Festival and the Istanbul Jazz Festival in the early 1980s. Istanbul, largest city and principal seaport of Turkey. Critics have claimed that the bans were in fact due to ideological reasons. The province is well known for its apples, sour cherries, grapes, roses and rose . [358][dubious discuss]Common bottlenose dolphin (Turkish: afalina), short-beaked common dolphin (Turkish: trtak) and harbor porpoise (Turkish: mutur) make up the marine mammals presently found in the Bosporus and surrounding waters, though since the 1950s the number of dolphin observations has become increasingly rare. [185] The community had more than 15,000 members during Atatrk's presidency in the 1920s and 1930s, but today is reduced to only a few hundreds, according to Italo-Levantine writer Giovanni Scognamillo. [196], More recently, Istanbul and many of Turkey's metropolitan cities are following a trend away from the government and their right-wing ideology. Istanbul. [79] A series of wars in the early 20th century, such as the Italo-Turkish War (19111912) and the Balkan Wars (19121913), plagued the ailing empire's capital and resulted in the 1913 Ottoman coup d'tat, which brought the regime of the Three Pashas. August 21, 2023 4:13 PM. Sephardic Jews settled in the city after their expulsion from Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497. Istanbul is a major port and the largest city in Turkey. Despite the generally acceptable temperature range, however, mid-summer in Istanbul is considered moderately uncomfortable, due to high dew points and relative humidity. [272][273] It also hosted the Turkish Motorcycle Grand Prix between 2005 and 2007. [311][312][313] The density of expressway network is 16.8km/100km2. "This town has a history that if you speak up against the people in power, they will get you somehow," the Marion County Record's editor said. [344] New stations to replace both the Haydarpaa and Sirkeci terminals, and connect the city's disjointed railway networks, now the Marmaray second phase opened to the public. [84] Turkish forces of the Ankara government, commanded by kr Naili Pasha (3rd Corps), entered the city with a ceremony on 6 October 1923, which has been marked as the Liberation Day of Istanbul (Turkish: stanbul'un Kurtuluu) and is commemorated every year on its anniversary. skdar | district, Turkey | Britannica skdar Table of Contents skdar district, Turkey External Websites Also known as: Chrysopolis, Scutari Written and fact-checked by The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Istanbul straddles the Bosporus strait, one of two waterways that separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey. Whether it's walking ancient city walls, haggling in historic bazaars, absorbing the sanctity of Ottoman mosques, sipping beer on a rooftop bar, watching the sun go down on the Golden Horn or relaxing in a Turkish bath, there's always something more to do in Istanbul Old City, a place aptly known as 'the city of the world's desire'. Istanbul, Turkey is known as the City of Cats and sometimes referred to as 'Catstanbul.' . Leaving aboard the British warship HMS Malaya on 17 November 1922, he went into exile and died in Sanremo, Italy, on 16 May 1926. More than 2,000 years ago, the city of Kelenderis . "Which is kind of what has happened to us." The O-1 forms the city's inner ring road, traversing the 15 July Martyrs (First Bosphorus) Bridge, and the O-2 is the city's outer ring road, crossing the Fatih Sultan Mehmet (Second Bosphorus) Bridge. [239][240] Other focal points for shopping, leisure and entertainment include Nianta, Ortaky, Bebek and Kadky. Berkley, a Pueblo native, shares love for Colorado city in first album [242][243] Mahmutpasha Bazaar is an open-air market extending between the Grand Bazaar and the Spice Bazaar, which has been Istanbul's major spice market since 1660. [49] Constantine also undertook a major renovation and expansion of the Hippodrome of Constantinople; accommodating tens of thousands of spectators, the hippodrome became central to civic life and, in the 5th and 6th centuries, the center of episodes of unrest, including the Nika riots. [25], Byzantium 667 BC510 BCPersian Empire 512 BC478 BCByzantium (Under Athens) 478 BC404 BCByzantium 404 BC196 CE Roman Empire 196395 (Capital between 330395) Byzantine Empire 3951204 Latin Empire 12041261 Byzantine Empire 12611453Ottoman Empire 14531918 Occupation of Istanbul 19181923 Ankara Government 1923Turkey 1923Present, Neolithic artifacts, uncovered by archeologists at the beginning of the 21st century, indicate that Istanbul's historic peninsula was settled as far back as the 6th millennium BCE. Environmentalist groups worry that the third bridge will endanger the remaining green areas to the north of Istanbul. The city already had many names before being called Constantinople. Trk Telekom Arena opened in 2011 to replace Ali Sami Yen Stadium as Galatasaray's home turf,[259][260] while Vodafone Park, opened in 2016 to replace BJK nn Stadium as the home turf of Beikta, hosted the 2019 UEFA Super Cup game. Istanbul's foreign population with a residence permit increased dramatically, from 43,000 in 2007[163] to 856,377 in 2019. [16], Istanbul experienced especially rapid growth during the second half of the 20th century, with its population increasing tenfold between 1950 and 2000. Mehmed II built the original palace as his main residence and the seat of government. What Is Istanbul Known For? [280] As public hospitals tend to be overcrowded or otherwise slow, private hospitals are preferable for those who can afford them. Built . [4] Istanbul is the most populous European city[c] and the world's 15th-largest city. Bayt Al Fann on Twitter: "Istanbul is known as the "City of Cats" and All scheduled commercial passenger flights were transferred from Istanbul Atatrk Airport to Istanbul Airport on 6 April 2019, following the closure of Istanbul Atatrk Airport for scheduled passenger flights. 1/ The city of Istanbul is chock full of cats, with some estimates putting the number of stray felines at 125,000. History of Istanbul - From ancient Constantinople to Istanbul [167] A 2019 survey found that only 36% of the Istanbul's population was born in the province. [18] Some Ottoman sources of the 17th century, such as Evliya elebi, describe it as the common Turkish name of the time; between the late 17th and late 18th centuries, it was also in official use. But in the second half of the 20th century, the Asian side experienced major urban growth; the late development of this part of the city led to better infrastructure and tidier urban planning when compared with most other residential areas in the city. The emperor Constantine I made the city the seat of the Eastern Roman Empire in 330, later naming it Constantinople. A married women is also registered to her husband's province. Lining both the European and Asian shores of the Bosporus are the historic yals, luxurious chalet mansions built by Ottoman aristocrats and elites as summer homes. Apart from the natural flora Platanus orentalis, horse chestnut, cypress and stone pine make up the introduced species that got acclimatized to Istanbul. [69] Mehmed II turned the ramshackle old town into something that looked like an imperial capital. Names of Istanbul - Wikipedia With its focus now solely on music and dance, the Istanbul Festival has been known as the Istanbul International Music Festival since 1994. [313] The completed section of highway crosses the Bosphorus Strait via the Yavuz Sultan Selim (Third Bosphorus) Bridge, entered service on 26 August 2016. Investigators arrested two 15-year-old boys after they lit a firework Saturday inside a mall in Yuba City, and one of the teens caught his shirt on . This name failed to impress and the city soon became known as Constantinople, the City of Constantine. Istanbul's precipitation is unevenly distributed, with winter months getting at least twice the level of precipitation of their summerly counterparts. For the purpose of parliamentary elections, Istanbul is divided into three electoral districts; two on the European side and one on the Asian side, electing 28, 35 and 35 MPs respectively. The other obelisk was erected on the spina of the Circus Maximus in Rome in the autumn of that year, and is now known as the Lateran Obelisk. The Neolithic settlement in the Yenikap quarter on the European side, which dates back to c. 6500 BCE and predates the formation of the Bosporus strait by approximately a millennium (when the Sea of Marmara was still a lake)[124] was discovered during the construction of the Marmaray railway tunnel. [225], Much of Turkey's cultural scene had its roots in Istanbul, and by the 1980s and 1990s Istanbul reemerged globally as a city whose cultural significance is not solely based on its past glory. [168], Istanbul has been a cosmopolitan city throughout much of its history, but it has become more homogenized since the end of the Ottoman era. The deportation of Armenian intellectuals on 24 April 1915 was among the major events which marked the start of the Armenian genocide during WWI. [118] The Turkish government also has ambitious plans for an expansion of the city west and northwards on the European side in conjunction with the new Istanbul Airport, opened in 2019; the new parts of the city will include four different settlements with specified urban functions, housing 1.5million people. [20], The name stanbul (Turkish pronunciation:[istanbu] (listen), colloquial Turkish pronunciation:[stambu]) is commonly held to derive from the Medieval Greek phrase " " (pronounced Greek pronunciation:[is tim bolin]), which means "to the city"[21] and is how Constantinople was referred to by the local Greeks. [297] Today, Istanbul has a chlorinated and filtered water supply and a sewage treatment system managed by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (stanbul Su ve Kanalizasyon daresi, SK). [13] In 1923, after the Turkish War of Independence, Ankara replaced the city as the capital of the newly formed Republic of Turkey. Between the four corners of the obelisk and the pedestal are four bronze cubes, used in its transportation and re-erection. Matthew Lehner, an F.A.A. Istanbul Province sends 98 Members of Parliament to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, which has a total of 600 seats. Living in: Istanbul - BBC Travel [244] Since then, malls have become major shopping centers outside the historic peninsula. Popular during the summer among Istanbulites is Belgrad Forest, spreading across 5,500 hectares (14,000 acres) at the northern edge of the city. Their prevalence has increased significantly over the last decade, as the percentage of outpatients using private hospitals increased from 6 percent to 23 percent between 2005 and 2009. [301] Sultan Abdlmecid I issued Samuel Morse his first official honor for the telegraph in 1847, and construction of the first telegraph linebetween Istanbul and Edirnefinished in time to announce the end of the Crimean War in 1856. The city straddles the Bosporus strait, lying in both Europe and Asia, and has a population of over 15 million residents, comprising 19% of the population of Turkey. 17 Things Istanbul is Known and Famous For - Hey Explorer The Istanbul International Music Festival has been held annually since 1973, and the International Istanbul Film Festival has been held annually since 1982. [10][11] In 1930, the city's name was officially changed to Istanbul, the Turkish rendering of (romanized: eis tn Plin; 'to the City'), the appellation Greek speakers used since the 11th century to colloquially refer to the city.[10]. [89], Istanbul is located in north-western Turkey and straddles the Bosporus Strait, which provides the only passage from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean via the Sea of Marmara. [204], In 1995, keeping up with the financial trends, Borsa Istanbul moved its headquarters (which was originally located on Bankalar Caddesi, the financial center of the Ottoman Empire,[204] and later at the 4th Vakf Han building in Sirkeci) to stinye, in the vicinity of Maslak, which hosts the headquarters of numerous Turkish banks.[205]. Today, the city is known as Istanbul and it was changed to this in 1930. First settled in the seventh century B.C. Istanbul was occasionally a venue of the F1 Powerboat World Championship, with the last race on the Bosporus strait on 1213 August 2000. [258] kr Saracolu Stadium, Fenerbahe's home field, hosted the 2009 UEFA Cup Final three years after its completion. Istanbul: City of the future - National Geographic [172] Zazas are also present in the city and constitute around 1% of the total voting-age population. [354], The natural vegetation cover of the Bosporus region is made up of temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and pseudo-maquis. [133] Over the next four centuries, the Ottomans made an indelible impression on the skyline of Istanbul, building towering mosques and ornate palaces. [107], The Fatih district, which was named after Sultan Mehmed II (Turkish: Fatih Sultan Mehmed), corresponds to what was, until the Ottoman conquest in 1453, the whole of the city of Constantinople (today is the capital district and called the historic peninsula of Istanbul) on the southern shore of the Golden Horn, across the medieval Genoese citadel of Galata on the northern shore. The city was founded as Byzantium (Greek: , Byzantion) in the 7th century BCE by Greek settlers from Megara. ", "stanbul'un en iyi liseleri akland! [69] Like many monarchs before and since, Mehmed II transformed Istanbul's urban landscape with wholesale redevelopment of the city center. Atatrk Olympic Stadium, the largest multi-purpose stadium in Turkey, was completed in 2002 as an IAAF first-class venue for track and field. [44], Constantine the Great effectively became the emperor of the whole of the Roman Empire in September 324. Constantinople - Facts, Summary, & Significance | HISTORY What Is Istanbul Known For? 21 Great Reasons To Visit In 2023 [127], Next in age is the Serpent Column, from 479 BCE. [67] He also invited people from all over Europe to his capital, creating a cosmopolitan society that persisted through much of the Ottoman period. One of the most important factors of a city in history was to protect the territory and its citizens from sieges. The majority of the Catholic Levantines (Turkish: Levanten) in Istanbul and Izmir are the descendants of traders/colonists from the Italian maritime republics of the Mediterranean (especially Genoa and Venice) and France, who obtained special rights and privileges called the Capitulations from the Ottoman sultans in the 16th century. This trend first became evident electorally in the 2014 mayoral election where the center-left opposition candidate won an impressive 40% of the vote, despite not winning. Maslak, Levent, and Bomonti are important nodes within the CBD. Grand Bazaar And Its Endless Shopping Opportunities Grand Bazaar Istanbul If you are a shopaholic, you'll love the Grand Bazaar in Istanbul. . [168][178], Into the 19th century, the Christians of Istanbul tended to be either Greek Orthodox, members of the Armenian Apostolic Church or Catholic Levantines. [280][307] Many of these private hospitals, as well as some of the public hospitals, are equipped with high-tech equipment, including MRI machines, or associated with medical research centers. Since 2023, the Ataehir district on the Asian side of the city is home to the Istanbul Financial Center (IFC), where the new headquarters of the state-owned Turkish banks, including the Turkish Central Bank, are located. 13.4 million foreign tourists visited the city in 2018, making Istanbul the world's fifth most-visited city in that year. There were three cities in northern Turkey of "capital" importance: Istanbul in the northwest, Ankara in the north center and Erzurum in the northeast. The BBC has a regional office in Istanbul, assisting its Turkish-language news operations, and the American news channel CNN established the Turkish-language CNN Trk there in 1999. The Municipal Council is responsible for citywide issues, including managing the budget, maintaining civic infrastructure, and overseeing museums and major cultural centers. [94] Winters, meanwhile, are cool, quite rainy, and relatively snow-rich for their well-above-freezing temperatures. [90] The city has repeatedly upgraded its building codes, most recently in 2018,[92] requiring retrofits for older buildings[citation needed] and higher engineering standards for new construction. [93] Much divergence exists in the terminology used to classify the city's climate, however. When it was held for the first time in 2003, the annual Istanbul Pride became the first gay pride event in a Muslim-majority country. [60], Various economic and military policies instituted by Andronikos II, such as the reduction of military forces, weakened the empire and left it vulnerable to attack. There are many exceptions, including youths headed to . The Hagia Sophia is an enormous architectural marvel in Istanbul, Turkey, that was originally built as a Christian basilica nearly 1,500 years ago. [134] After several hundred years of royal residence, it was abandoned in 1853 in favor of the baroque Dolmabahe Palace. The province and the city are situated on both sides of the Bosphorus, the strait that separates Europe from Asia. Oops something went wrong: 403 Enjoying Wikiwand? [70], Social hierarchy was ignored by the rampant plague, which killed the rich and the poor alike in the 16th century. Istanbul University, the nation's oldest institute of higher education, dates back to 1453 and its dental, law, medical schools were founded in the 19th century.The city's largest private universities include Sabanc University, with its main campus in Tuzla, Ko University in Saryer, zyein niversitesi near Altunizade. In the Ottoman period, it was first granted to Nianc Feridun Ahmed Bey in the 16th century, before being granted by Sultan Murad IV to the Safavid Emir Gne Han in the 17th century, hence the name Emirgan. It was first known as Bazantion (also spelled Byzantion) by the Greeks who founded it in 657 B.C., which later evolved into the . The goal now, he . Following the model of French cities, this religious system was replaced by a mayor and a citywide council composed of representatives of the confessional groups (millet) across the city. August 21, 2023 3:33 PM. [329] The Marmaray tunnel together with the suburban railways lines along the Sea of Marmara, form the intercontinental commuter rail line in Istanbul, named officially B1, from Halkal on the European side to Gebze on the Asian side. [158], The Turkish Statistical Institute estimates that the population of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality was 15,519,267 at the end of 2019, hosting 19 percent of the country's population. [137] An example of which is the imperial Nuruosmaniye Mosque. Necdet Sakaolu (1993/94a): "stanbul'un adlar" ["The names of Istanbul"]. Turkey's largest city is dotted with the tombs of religious figures, where pilgrims seek divine intervention. [323] Operated by Istanbul Electricity, Tramway and Tunnels General Management (ETT), trams slowly returned to the city in the 1990s with the introduction of a nostalgic route and a faster modern tram line, which now carries 265,000 passengers each day. [203] Since then operations were shifted to Ambarl, with plans to convert Haydarpaa into a tourism complex. [135] After extensive renovation, it became one of Turkey's first national museums in 1924. [249], The Princes' Islands, 15 kilometers (9mi) from the city center, are also popular for their seafood restaurants. Restaurants featuring foreign cuisines are mainly concentrated in the Beyolu, Beikta, ili and Kadky districts. How Did Constantinople Become Istanbul? - WorldAtlas The whole city was generally known as Constantinople or under other names. [125] The Roman emperor Constantius II (r. 337361 CE) had it and another obelisk transported along the River Nile to Alexandria for commemorating his ventennalia or 20 years on the throne in 357. When the Church of St. Polyeuktus was completed in A.D. 527, it was likely the largest and most sumptuous house of worship in Constantinople. [87] From the late 1940s and early 1950s, Istanbul underwent great structural change, as new public squares, boulevards, and avenues were constructed throughout the city, sometimes at the expense of historical buildings. [257] The stadium hosted the 2005 UEFA Champions League Final, and was selected by the UEFA to host the CL Final games of 2020 and 2021, which were relocated to Lisbon (2020) and Porto (2021) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. D.C. officials say they will enforce youth curfew in certain areas [301], In 2000, Istanbul had 137 hospitals, of which 100 were private. CNN . Meanwhile, summers experience 60-70 percent of possible sunshine. [56] They established the Latin Empire in place of the Orthodox Byzantine Empire. [229], The first film screening in Turkey was at Yldz Palace in 1896, a year after the technology publicly debuted in Paris. [76] Regular service to Bucharest and Thessaloniki continued until the early 2010s, when the former was interrupted for Marmaray construction but started running again in 2019 and the latter was halted due to economic problems in Greece. ; to palaces like the Great Palace of Constantinople and its Mosaic Museum, the Palace of the Porphyrogenitus, Boukoleon Palace and Palace of Blachernae; and other public places and buildings like the Hippodrome, the Augustaion, the Basilica Cistern, Theodosius Cistern, Cistern of Philoxenos and Cistern of the Hebdomon, the Aqueduct of Valens, the Prison of Anemas, the Walls of Constantinople and the Porta Aurea (Golden Gate), among numerous others. Isparta - Wikipedia spokesman, said the agency's multilayered approach to safety has "virtually eliminated the risk of fatalities aboard U.S. commercial airlines.". The reasons probably relate to World War I. Photos: This place is known as 'The City of Cats' - News 5 Cleveland [164][165], According to 2020 TK data around 2.1 million people in a population of over 15.4 million have been registered[g] in Istanbul, meanwhile the vast majority of the residents ultimately originate from Anatolian provinces, especially those in the Black Sea, Central and Eastern Anatolia regions due to internal migration since the 1950s. Dubrovnik: Croatian Coastal City Where Jeff Bezos Vacations - Insider [150] Representing the Republican People's Party, Ekrem mamolu has been the Mayor of Istanbul since 27 June 2019. Istanbul, Turkey - Image of the Week - Earth Watching While Istanbul's Greek population was exempted from the 1923 population exchange with Greece, changes in tax status and the 1955 anti-Greek pogrom prompted thousands to leave. Istanbul is the only city in the world that's spread over two continents, with the Bosphorus strait forming the dividing line between Europe and Asia. [349][350] The transfer from the airport to the city is via the O-7, and it will eventually be linked by two lines of the Istanbul Metro. 8,500-year-old village discovered beneath Albanian lake is oldest known in Europe Between 200 and 500 people were believed to live in the newly re-discovered settlement with houses built on stilts . [348] Once all phases are completed in 2025, the airport will have six sets of runways (eight in total), 16 taxiways, and will be able to accommodate 200million passengers a year.
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